The effects of crocin on the serum levels of sex hormone and NO in streptozotocin - induced diabetic rats

Background and Aim: Diabetes can lead to reduced fertility in men by production of free radicals. Crocin [the effective component of saffron] with its antioxidant property can be effective in elimination of free radicals. We evaluated the effects of crocin on the reproductive parameters of the STZ -induced diabetic male Wistar rats

Materials and Method: Rats were made diabetic with STZ [55 mg/kg]. The rats were divided randomly into 8 groups of seven: control group [normal Saline], STZ induced diabetic group, groups receiving 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg doses of crocin and STZ induced diabetic groups receiving the same doses of the crocin. These animals were kept under experimental conditions for 30 days. LH, FSH, testosterone and insulin hormones are measured .The significance of the results was examined by ANOVA statistical method

Results:Groups receiving crocin and STZ simultaneously showed significant increase [P <0.05] in the levels of LH, FSH, testosterone and insulin hormones compared to the groups receiving STZ

Conclusion: Crocin compensates for the most of degenerative effects of STZ-induced diabetes on the reproductive system of the male rats. It is a rich source of antioxidants and can positively affect most of the reproduction indexes in the rats in a dose depend manner

[Studying the prevalence of TetA and TetB in kelebsiella, proteus and Enterobacter isolated from urinary tract infection]

Background: Nowadays, the resistance to antibiotics in bacteria encountered many physicians around the world; it is an issue that has created numerous problems in the treatment, like urinary tract infection, as a common infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate prevalence of tetracycline resistant genes in Enterobacteriaceae family [Proteus, Enterobacter and Klebsiella] isolated from urine samples

Materials and methods: In this descriptive study, 230 samples of urinary infection were collected from patients. They were identified by using diagnostic biochemical tests and then antibiotic susceptibility tests were used by ticarcillin, ceftriaxone, cefoxitin, streptomycin, erythromycin and tetracycline antibiotics. Afterwards, DNA plasmids were extracted and PCR was performed by coding proprietary primers resistant to tetracycline [TetA, TetB]

Results: Of 230 suspicious samples, 120 were confirmed after biochemical tests, including 88 Kebsiella, 20 Proteus and 12 Enterobacter. The antibiotic susceptibility test of tetracycline showed 38.33% sensitivity and 34.99% resistance for Klebsiella, 6.66% sensitivity and 3.33% resistance for Enterobacter, and 2.5% sensitivity and 14.16% resistance for Proteus. Out of the 120 samples, 25 Tet[A] gene and 36 Tet[B] were detected

Conclusion: The comparison between the results of cultures and PCR method for the genes Tet[A] and Tet[B] showed that PCR method confirmed antibiogram tests, but for improving sensitivity, accuracy and specificity, other coding tetracycline resistance genes should be studied to reach more conclusive results

Effect of a high fat diet on ovary morphology, in vitro development, in vitro fertilisation rate and oocyte quality in mice

<p><b>INTRODUCTION</b>The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) on oocyte maturation and quality in a mouse model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Female BALB/c mice were allocated to one of the following groups: (a) control group (n = 40), which received a controlled diet; or (b) HFD group (n = 40), which received an HFD for 12 weeks. Sections of the ovary were examined histologically. The number of follicles and corpora lutea were counted. In vitro maturation and in vitro fertilisation (IVF) were assessed in germinal vesicle (GV) and metaphase II (MII) oocytes, respectively. The expression of bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and leptin receptor genes in GV and MII oocytes was evaluated using reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reactions.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the HFD group, there was a decreased number of primordial and Graafian follicles, as well as corpora lutea (p < 0.05). The rate of oocyte development to the MII stage was also reduced (p < 0.001). Cumulus expansion was observed more frequently in the control group than the HFD group (p < 0.05). The IVF rate in the HFD group was lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). In the HFD group, BMP15 and leptin receptor genes were upregulated in the GV stage (p > 0.05) and MII stage (p < 0.05), compared to the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>An HFD reduces folliculogenesis in the primordial and Graafian stages, in vitro maturation and in vitro fertilisation rates, as well as oocyte quality in mice.</p>

Comparison effect of physiotherapy with surgery on sexual function in patients with pelvic floor disorder: a randomized clinical trial

Female sexual dysfunction is a common problem among general population, especially in urogynecological patient, and can lead to a decrease in quality of life and affect martial relationship. This study was compared the effect of surgical methods versus physiotherapy on sexual function in pelvic floor disorder. This randomized controlled trial was performed in Urogynecology clinic since August 2007 to December 2009 on 90 patients aged from 25-55 years with previous delivery, positive history of sexual dysfunction with stage <3 of pelvic organ prolapsed and divided in two groups. Group A [n=45] received standard rectocele repair and prineorrhaphy, group B [n=45] received physiotherapy for eight weeks twice a week [electrical stimulation, Kegel exercises]. The female sexual function index [FSFI] used to evaluate the sexual function in cases before and after intervention. Frequency of variable scores [libido, orgasm, dysparunia] included without disorder, frequently good, sometimes good, very much and extreme were compared between two groups. Libido and arousal were improved in both groups [p=0.007, p=0.001 respectively]. Orgasm and dyspareunia were improved in group B [p=0.001]. Dysparunia was more painful in group A. There was significant difference between two groups [improvement of orgasm and dysparunia in group B] [p=0.001]. It seems that physiotherapy is an appropriate method for treatment of sexual disorder in pelvic floor disorder.

[Endometrial morphology following repeated ovarian stimulation in mouse]

Gonadotropins are commonly used for superovulation in human and animals to retrieve more oocyte and increase chance of pregnancy. Ovarian stimulation in assisted reproduction technology produces lower implantation rates per embryo transferred than natural and ovum donation cycles, suggesting suboptimal endometrial development due to the hormones used to recruit more oocytes. Due to the frequent use of gonadotropins in the treatment of infertility in successive periods, the aim of this study was to determine the endometrial changes in response to repeated ovarian stimulation. This experimental interventional study has done in research center of Hamadan university of medical sciences in 2012. NMIRI female mice six weeks old were used in this study and divided into 7 groups [5 each]. The mice in group 1, 2, 3 and 4 received 1, 2, 3 and 4 times pregnant mare serum gonadotropin [PMSG] and 48 hours later 7.5 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin [hCG] respectively. For each group were considered a control group which received on time gonadortropin injection. The mouses were killed 13-16 hours after hCG injection and middle part of uterine horn cut for histological study using Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. The parameters that studied were surface epithelium of endometrium, glandular epithelium, and endometrial height and axis of uterine gland. Our results showed that there are no significant differences in glandular epithelium, axis of glands and height of endometrium in experimental groups [P>0.05]. The height of surface epithelium showed significant increases after ovarian stimulation in experiment group [P0.03]. Our results showed that there are no significant differences in glandular epithelium, axis of glands, height of endometrium and height of surface epithelium between control groups and also it's experimental group [P>0.05]. Conclusion Changes in the height of surface epithelium could be one of the reasons for decrease implantation rates with repeated ovarian stimulation

Delirium and its diagnostic tools: a new approach to nursing practice

Delirium is a kind of fluctuating cognitive impairment that occurs during a short time. Early detection of delirium leads to acceleration the treatment. There are many tools for identifyingand screening of delirium. This study aimed at comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the various tools used for diagnosing delirium, their validity and accuracy and the way they are used by physicians or nurses. In this review article, available databases including Pubmed, Medline, Science Direct, ProQuest, SID, Google Scholar was assayed by keywords such as delirium assessment, delirium tools, cognitive disorder and nurse, nurse and delirium. Among the 55 articles found from 1990 to 2012, 15 relevant articles included the study. A review of the related studies showed that the most common screening tools for delirium, which can be used by different person, were CAM, CAM-ICU, NeeCham, ICDSC, DSI, CTD, DOS, Nu-DESC. Each of these tools enjoys different levels of validity and reliability and can be used in different patients. Related articles in relation to diagnosis of delirium in nursing practice were limited. However, two questionnaires namely CAM-ICU and NeeCham were found to be more applicable for critically ill patients and enjoy a higher sensitivity and specificity with regard to other tools. Findings indicated that NeeCham questionnaire can be easily used by the nurses on the patient's bedside during daily activities and can even detect the susceptible patients sooner

Evaluation of chemoprevention effect of systemic celecoxib on induction of tongue neoplasms in rat

Cyclo-oxygenase-2 [COX-2] specific inhibitors were examined for predication or treatment of different tumors and it is indicated that COX-2 specific inhibitors play an important regulatory role in apoptosis of tumoral tissues. Therefore, the present study was designed in order to examine the preventive effects of a COX-2 specific inhibitor called. celecoxib on 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide [4NQO]-induced squamous cell carcinoma on rat. In this experimental study, 30 Sprague Dawley rats [with the age of 3- 3.5 months] were selected and divided into three groups. In order to induce lingual carcinoma, 4NQO powder was prepared 3 times a week for each cage. In this study, celecoxib power was mixed with a basic food [basal diet] in order to examine the systematic effect. Tongue samples were sent to laboratory for immunohistochemical [IHC] staining and histological examination. Based on morphological criteria and the ratio of apoptosis to cell proliferation, the prevalence of tongue precancerous lesions was reduced significantly by celecoxib. Celecoxib systematic has inhibitory effects on the 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide [4NQO]-induced squamous cell carcinoma of tongue. The effect of celecoxib is probably via suppression of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis

Factors associated with post-surgical delirium in patients undergoing open heart surgery

To determine the incidence of delirium and the associated factors in patients undergoing open heart surgery. This is an Analytic-descriptive study conducted on 404 patients undergoing elective open heart surgery in Fatemeh Zahra Heart Center, Sari, over the period of 6 months from July to December 2011, Sampling was achieved in a nonrandomized targeted manner and delirium was assessed using NeeCham questionnaire, A trained nurse evaluated the patients for delirium and completed the risk factor checklist on days 1 to 5 after surgery. Data analyses were accomplished using survival analysis [Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression] on SPSS software version 15, We found that variables, including ventilation time, increased drainage during the first 24 hours, the need for re-operation in the first 24 hours, dysrhythmias, use of inotropic agents, increased use of analgesics, increased arterial carbon dioxide, lack of visitors, and use of physical restrainers were associated with the development of delirium. In addition, we found a delirium incidence of 29%. Diagnosis of cognitive disorders is of utmost value; therefore, further studies are required to clarify the risk factors because controlling them will help prevent delirium

GnRH antagonist versus agonist in normoresponders undergoing ICSI: a randomized clinical trial in Iran

General concern is that the pregnancy rate is higher with GnRH-agonist as a protocol of pituitary suppression. GnRH-antagonist protocol provides a shorter period of administration and an easy flexible protocol. In this study, the outcomes of GnRH agonist and antagonist in ICSI cycles are compared in normo responder patients. In this randomized clinical trial, 300 normoresponders undergoing ICSI were randomly divided to GnRh agonist [n=150] and GnRh antagonist [n=150] groups. The main outcome measurements were chemical, clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates [PR]. The mean duration of stimulation were 9.6 +/- 1.6 and 8.2 +/- 1.6 days in agonist and antagonist groups respectively [p=0.001]. The mean number of MII oocyte retrieved in agonist and antagonist groups were 7.7 +/- 4.0 and 6.9 +/- 4.3 respectively [p=0.03]. There was no significant difference between two groups regarding mean number of gonadotrophin ampoules, follicles, occytes, total embryos and good quality embryos, OHSS incidence, and abortion rate. Chemical pregnancy rate was 35.3% in agonist and 39.3% in antagonist group. Clinical pregnancy rate was 35.3% in agonist and 34% in antagonist group. Ongoing pregnancy rate was 45 [31.3%] in agonist and 44 [29.3%] in antagonist group. There was no significant difference between two groups in pregnancy rates. In this study antagonist protocol was shown to be an easy, safe and friendly protocol in Iranian normoresponder patients, having similar outcomes with standard agonist protocol but shorter period of stimulation